The impact of COVID-19 on AIRBNB prices

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Statistics and Information Management, specialization in Risk Analysis and ManagementNowadays, the main part of the population around the world uses online sites to find local homes for vacations or even more long-term stays. One of the most popular sites of short-term rental market is Airbnb. These rental markets have grown rapidly over the last decade which leads to the fast-growth of Airbnb (E. Holm, 2020). “How COVID-19 impacted Airbnb prices in Lisbon?” is the main question of this work. Throughout the study it will be possible to understand the effects of pricing strategies, price positioning and dynamic pricing, more precisely if COVID-19 affected Airbnb in a way that leads to changes in the trends of the prices per night in the various accommodation that Airbnb has in the chosen cities. To answer this question, was constructed a database with data extracted from the website InsideAirbnb. Our findings suggest that Berlin prices comparing to Lisbon have decreased 2.66% during this pandemic

Maternal anxiety and depression and reports about the premature infant

Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: (a) comparar dois grupos de mães, diferenciados pela presença de sintomas emocionais clínicos de ansiedade e depressão, quanto aos relatos sobre o seu bebê prematuro; (b) verificar relações entre os relatos maternos e características das mães, a história de saúde neonatal do bebê e eventos estressores ambientais. A amostra foi composta por 60 mães, distribuídas em dois grupos: 30 mães com indicadores clínicos (MCIE) e 30 mães sem tais indicadores (MSIE). As mães foram entrevistadas e avaliadas por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: SCID-NP, IDATE e BDI. O prontuário médico também foi analisado. Em ambos os grupos, as mães verbalizaram predominantemente sobre expectativas e concepções positivas acerca do bebê. No entanto, o MCIE relatou mais reações e sentimentos negativos do que o MSIE. Menor peso ao nascimento, menor idade gestacional e maior tempo de internação do bebê na UTI-Neonatal associaram-se com expectativas, reações e sentimentos maternos negativos.The aims of the present study were: (a) to compare two groups of mothers differentiated by the presence of clinical emotional symptoms of anxiety and depression, in respect of verbal reports about their premature infants; (b) to verify the relation between verbal reports and variables of mothers' characteristics, infants' neonatal health history, and distressful life events. The sample was composed by 60 mothers, allocated into two groups: 30 with emotional clinical symptoms (ECSM) and 30 with no symptoms (NCSM). The mothers were assessed by SCID-NP, STAI, and BDI and were interviewed by an interview-guide. The medical chart was also reviewed. Both groups reported predominantly positive expectations and concepts about the babies. Otherwise, MCES reported more negative reactions and feelings than MSES. Lower birthweight, lower gestational age and higher length-stay NICU hospitalization were associated with negative expectations, reactions, and feelings of the mothers.CNPqFAPES

Movimentos mandibulares em crianças portadoras ou não de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular

This research aimed to evaluate mandibular movements in children with and without signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction. The sample taken consisted of 99 children aged 3 to 5 years distributed in two groups: I - Absence of signs and/or symptoms of TMD (25 girls/40 boys); II - Presence of signs and symptoms of TMD (16 girls/18 boys). The symptoms were evaluated through an anamnesis questionnaire answered by the child's parents/caretakers. The clinical signs were evaluated through intra- and extraoral examination. Maximum mouth opening and left/right lateral movements were measured using a digital caliper. The maximum protrusive movement was measured using a millimeter ruler. The means and standard deviations for maximum mouth opening in Group I and Group II were 40.82mm±4.18 and 40.46mm±6.66, respectively. The values found for the left lateral movement were 6.96mm±1.66 for Group I and 6.74mm±1.55 for Group II, while for the right lateral movement they were 6.46mm±1.53 and 6.74mm±1.77. The maximum protrusion movements were 5.67mm±1.76 and 6.12mm±1.92, in Groups I and II, respectively. The mandibular movement ranges neither differed statistically between groups nor between genders. FAPESP Process 96/0714-6.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares em crianças portadoras ou não de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular. A amostra consistiu de 99 crianças entre 3 e 5 anos distribuídas em 2 grupos: I - Ausência de sinais e sintomas de DTM (25 meninas/40 meninos) II - Presença de sinais e sintomas de DTM (16 meninas/18 meninos). Os sintomas foram avaliados através de um questionário respondido pelos pais ou responsáveis das crianças. Os sinais clínicos foram avaliados através de exame intra e extra-oral por dois examinadores calibrados. Os movimentos de abertura máxima e lateralidade direita e esquerda foram mensurados com o auxílio de um paquímetro digital. Para o movimento de protrusão foi utilizada régua milimetrada. A média e o desvio padrão para abertura bucal máxima para o grupo I foi de 40,82mm±4,18 e para o grupo II 40,46mm±6,66. Os valores encontrados para a lateralidade esquerda foram 6,96mm±1,66 para o grupo I e 6,74mm±1,55 para o grupo II e, para a direita, foram 6,46mm±1,53 e de 6,74mm±1,77, respectivamente. Durante a protrusão foram encontrados valores de 5,67mm±1,76 para o grupo I e 6,12mm±1,92 para grupo II. Pode-se concluir que na amostra avaliada a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares não diferiu estatisticamente entre os grupos, bem como entre os gêneros. FAPESP Processo 96/0714-6

Mastication and swallowing: influence of fluid addition to foods

INTRODUCTION: The production of sufficient saliva is indispensable for good chewing. Recent research has demonstrated that salivary flow rate has little influence on the swallowing threshold. OBJECTIVES: The hypothesis examined in the present study was that adding fluids to foods will influence chewing physiology. Materials and METHODS: Twenty subjects chewed on melba toast, cake, carrot, peanut and Gouda cheese. They also chewed on these foods after addition of different volumes of water or alpha-amylase solution. Jaw muscle activity, number of chewing cycles until swallowing and chewing cycle duration were measured. Repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to test the null hypothesis that there would be no statistically significant difference among the results obtained for the various food types and fluids. Subsequently, contrasts were determined to study the levels of intra-subjects factors (food type and fluid volume). Linear regression was used to determine the changes in muscle activity and cycle duration as a function of the chewing cycles. RESULTS: Fluid addition significantly decreased muscle activity and swallowing threshold for melba, cake and peanut (p;0.05). Doubling the volume of tap water had a greater effect. CONCLUSIONS: Fluid addition facilitated chewing of dry foods (melba, cake), but did not influence the chewing of fatty (cheese) and wet products (carrot). This study is relevant to improve patients' life quality and the management of chewing and feeding disorders caused by hyposalivation

Mastication and swallowing: influence of fluid addition to foods

INTRODUCTION: The production of sufficient saliva is indispensable for good chewing. Recent research has demonstrated that salivary flow rate has little influence on the swallowing threshold. OBJECTIVES: The hypothesis examined in the present study was that adding fluids to foods will influence chewing physiology. Materials and METHODS: Twenty subjects chewed on melba toast, cake, carrot, peanut and Gouda cheese. They also chewed on these foods after addition of different volumes of water or alpha-amylase solution. Jaw muscle activity, number of chewing cycles until swallowing and chewing cycle duration were measured. Repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to test the null hypothesis that there would be no statistically significant difference among the results obtained for the various food types and fluids. Subsequently, contrasts were determined to study the levels of intra-subjects factors (food type and fluid volume). Linear regression was used to determine the changes in muscle activity and cycle duration as a function of the chewing cycles. RESULTS: Fluid addition significantly decreased muscle activity and swallowing threshold for melba, cake and peanut (p;0.05). Doubling the volume of tap water had a greater effect. CONCLUSIONS: Fluid addition facilitated chewing of dry foods (melba, cake), but did not influence the chewing of fatty (cheese) and wet products (carrot). This study is relevant to improve patients' life quality and the management of chewing and feeding disorders caused by hyposalivation

Maternal concepts and expectations regarding a preterm infant

The objective of the present study was: (a) to identify the concerns, verbally expressed, of 50 mothers regarding their preterm infants (PT) and then compare their verbal expression with those of 25 mothers of full-term infants (FT); and (b) to correlate the mothers’ verbal expressions with maternal and infant variables. The following instruments were used to compose and characterize the sample: Structure Clinical Interview for DSM III-R Non-Patient (SCID/NP), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and medical charts. Results showed that there was no difference between groups in term of mothers’ expectations and conceptualizations; both groups exhibited predominantly positive expectations and concepts. In comparison with FT mothers, PT mothers verbally expressed more feelings and reactions predominantly negative or conflicting in relation to infant birth. Higher levels of maternal anxiety and depression in the PT Group were correlated with more verbal expressions about negative or conflicting emotions. In addition, lower birth weight, higher neonatal risk and longer length of stay in intensive care nursery of the infants were related with more negative or conflicting concepts by the mothers.El objetivo de este estudio era: (a) identificar las preocupaciones, expresadas verbalmente, de 50 madres con respecto a sus niños prematuros (PT) y después comparar su expresión verbal con la de 25 madres de niños nacidos a término (FT); y (b) correlacionar las expresiones verbales de las madres con variables maternas e infantiles. Se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos para componer y describir la muestra: Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para DSM-III-R No-Pacientes (Structure Clinical Interview for DSM III-R Non-Patient; SCID/NP), Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI), Inventario de Depresión de Beck (Beck Depression Inventory; BDI), y registros médicos. Los resultados mostraron que no había diferencias entre los grupos en términos de las expectativas y conceptualizaciones de las madres; ambos grupos exhibieron predominantemente expectativas y conceptos positivos. En comparación con las madres FT, las madres PT expresaron verbalmente más sentimientos y reacciones predominantemente negativos o conflictivos con respecto al nacimiento del niño. Los niveles más altos de ansiedad y depresión maternales en el grupo PT correlacionaban con más expresiones verbales de emociones negativas o conflictivas. Además, el peso más bajo al nacer, mayor riesgo neonatal y una estancia más larga en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de los niños se relacionaban con mayor número de conceptos negativos o conflictivos de las madres

Parasitos em amostras fecais de ambiente da Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: uma abordagem em saúde pública

This research aimed to describe the frequency of parasites in stool samples in the environment of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and five stool samples were collected and processed by the coproparasitological techniques ethyl acetate sedimentation and centrifuge-flotation using saturated sugar solution. Parasites were detected in 81.9% of the samples, hookworm being the most prevalent, followed by Trichuris vulpis. Ascaris sp. eggs were also found. A high level of evolutive forms of parasites with public health risk was found in stool samples of the environment studied. We propose that health education programs, allied to an improvement of human and animal health care, must be employed to reduce the environmental contamination.O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a frequência de parasitos em amostras fecais coletadas no ambiente da Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cento e cinco amostras foram coletadas e processadas pelas técnicas coproparasitológicas de sedimentação em acetato de etila e centrifugo-flutuação em solução saturada de sacarose. Foi observada positividade em 81.9% das amostras, sendo ancilostomídeo o parasito mais frequente, seguido de Trichuris vulpis. Ovos de Ascaris sp. também foram detectados. Observou-se elevada frequência de parasitos com importância em saúde pública nas fezes recolhidas no ambiente. Programas de educação em saúde, aliados a atenção dos serviços das saúdes humana e animal, devem ser empregados para redução dos níveis de contaminação ambiental

Associações entre espessura do orbicularis oris e variáveis esqueléticas e dentárias na dentição mista

AIM: To evaluate the association between orbicularis oris thickness and skeletal and dental variables in children with mixed dentition. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A convenience sample of 22 children, aged 7 to 12 years, with skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusion and subdivisions were selected. The upper and lower fascicles of the orbicularis oris thicknesses were measured using ultrasound (US) by one calibrated examiner, at rest and in the contracted state. Cephalometric radiograph measurements of the hard and soft tissues were calculated by one trained examiner. The results were analyzed by the Pearson and Spearman coefficients. RESULT: The upper and lower fascicles of the orbicularis oris in the contracted state showed a negative correlation with the distance between Ricketts' E-line and the labrale superius (E ┴ Ls). There were positive correlations between the lower face height and the distance between the AB plane and the labrale superius (AB-Ls) and between the ANB angle and the distance between E ┴ Ls and Ricketts' E-line and the labrale inferius (E ┴ Li). The lower-incisor distance from the N-Pg plane correlated positively with the distance between AB-Ls and the distance between the E ┴ Ls and E ┴ Li. Overbite and interincisal angle were negatively correlated with the distance between the pogonion and the soft tissue pogonion and the distance between E ┴ Li, respectively. CONCLUSION: Skeletal and dental variables were associated with upper and lower lip position and pogonion thickness, while the upper and lower fascicles of the orbicularis oris thicknesses in the contracted state were associated only with upper lip retrusion.OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre a espessura do orbicularis oris e as variáveis esqueléticas e dentárias em crianças com dentição mista. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi selecionada uma amostra de conveniência de 22 crianças, de 7 a 12 anos, com maloclusões Classe I e Classe II esqueléticas e subdivisões. As espessuras dos fascículos superior e inferior do orbicularis oris foram mensuradas, em repouso e em contração, por um examinador treinado utilizando ultrassom. As medidas cefalométricas dos tecidos duros e moles foram calculadas por um examinador treinado. Os resultados foram analisados pelos coeficientes de Pearson e Spearman. RESULTADO: Houve correlação negativa entre os fascículos superior e inferior do orbicularis oris em contração e a distância entre a linha E de Ricketts e o lábio superior (E ┴ Ls). Houve correlação positiva entre a altura inferior da face e a distância entre o plano AB e o lábio superior (AB-Ls) e entre o ângulo ANB e a distância entre E ┴ Ls e a linha E de Ricketts e o lábio inferior (E ┴ Li). A distância do incisivo inferior do plano N-Pg correlacionou-se positivamente com a distância entre AB-Ls e a distância entre E ┴ Ls e E ┴ Li. A sobremordida e o ângulo interincisal correlacionaram-se negativamente com a distância entre o pogônio e o pogônio mole e a distância entre E ┴ Li, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: As variáveis esqueléticas e dentárias estiveram associadas à posição dos lábios superior e inferior e a espessura do pogônio, enquanto que as espessuras dos fascículos superior e inferior do orbicularis oris em contração estiveram associadas à retrusão do lábio superior.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Departamento de Odontologia InfantilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Lavras Departamento de Medicina VeterináriaUNIFESP, Depto. de Ciências BiológicasSciEL

Associações entre espessura do orbicularis oris e variáveis esqueléticas e dentárias na dentição mista

AIM: To evaluate the association between orbicularis oris thickness and skeletal and dental variables in children with mixed dentition. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A convenience sample of 22 children, aged 7 to 12 years, with skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusion and subdivisions were selected. The upper and lower fascicles of the orbicularis oris thicknesses were measured using ultrasound (US) by one calibrated examiner, at rest and in the contracted state. Cephalometric radiograph measurements of the hard and soft tissues were calculated by one trained examiner. The results were analyzed by the Pearson and Spearman coefficients. RESULT: The upper and lower fascicles of the orbicularis oris in the contracted state showed a negative correlation with the distance between Ricketts' E-line and the labrale superius (E ┴ Ls). There were positive correlations between the lower face height and the distance between the AB plane and the labrale superius (AB-Ls) and between the ANB angle and the distance between E ┴ Ls and Ricketts' E-line and the labrale inferius (E ┴ Li). The lower-incisor distance from the N-Pg plane correlated positively with the distance between AB-Ls and the distance between the E ┴ Ls and E ┴ Li. Overbite and interincisal angle were negatively correlated with the distance between the pogonion and the soft tissue pogonion and the distance between E ┴ Li, respectively. CONCLUSION: Skeletal and dental variables were associated with upper and lower lip position and pogonion thickness, while the upper and lower fascicles of the orbicularis oris thicknesses in the contracted state were associated only with upper lip retrusion.OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre a espessura do orbicularis oris e as variáveis esqueléticas e dentárias em crianças com dentição mista. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi selecionada uma amostra de conveniência de 22 crianças, de 7 a 12 anos, com maloclusões Classe I e Classe II esqueléticas e subdivisões. As espessuras dos fascículos superior e inferior do orbicularis oris foram mensuradas, em repouso e em contração, por um examinador treinado utilizando ultrassom. As medidas cefalométricas dos tecidos duros e moles foram calculadas por um examinador treinado. Os resultados foram analisados pelos coeficientes de Pearson e Spearman. RESULTADO: Houve correlação negativa entre os fascículos superior e inferior do orbicularis oris em contração e a distância entre a linha E de Ricketts e o lábio superior (E ┴ Ls). Houve correlação positiva entre a altura inferior da face e a distância entre o plano AB e o lábio superior (AB-Ls) e entre o ângulo ANB e a distância entre E ┴ Ls e a linha E de Ricketts e o lábio inferior (E ┴ Li). A distância do incisivo inferior do plano N-Pg correlacionou-se positivamente com a distância entre AB-Ls e a distância entre E ┴ Ls e E ┴ Li. A sobremordida e o ângulo interincisal correlacionaram-se negativamente com a distância entre o pogônio e o pogônio mole e a distância entre E ┴ Li, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: As variáveis esqueléticas e dentárias estiveram associadas à posição dos lábios superior e inferior e a espessura do pogônio, enquanto que as espessuras dos fascículos superior e inferior do orbicularis oris em contração estiveram associadas à retrusão do lábio superior.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Departamento de Odontologia InfantilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Lavras Departamento de Medicina VeterináriaUNIFESP, Depto. de Ciências BiológicasSciEL